Phosphogypsum radiation

Phosphogypsum radiation

Phosphogypsum and its Potential Use in Croatia Challenges and

Phosphogypsum PG is a waste by product residue originating from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilisers PG contains chemical and radioactive impurities which is why it is mostly stockpiled in controlled areas Worldwide only about 15 % of PG is recycled or reused

PDF Radiological impacts of natural radioactivity from phosphogypsum piles

Also we can conclude that the radiation dose to a member of the public resulting from the use of phosphogypsum piles is negligible compared to the average annual effective dose from natural sources mSv/y even under a worst case scenario assuming the complete accumulation of radionuclides in soil over may years

Phosphate phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum natural SpringerLink

The 226 Ra/ 238 U ratio has been varied from in phosphoric acid samples to in phosphogypsum samples 226 Ra/ 232 Th ration also changed from in phosphoric acid to in phosphogypsum These results indicate that 226 Ra radioactivity was enriched in phosphogypsum while 238 U and 232 Th were concentrated in phosphoric acid

Plants Free Full Text Impacts of Phosphogypsum Soluble Fertilizer

Legumes play critical dual roles in grazed grassland ecosystems providing nitrogen inputs and high quality feed for grazing livestock However many species fail to persist in acidic low fertility soils A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the response of lucerne Medicago sativa to phosphogypsum PG lime and soluble P S fertilizer PS application to two soils Phosphorus

Radon and Its Decay Products

of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 1977 It has become certain that although unusual building materials such as alum shale concrete or phosphogypsum can be significant contributors ordinary houses made of ordinary materials can have extraordinary levels of radon In most cases the radon infiltrates from the soil into the building

Variations of radon and airborne particulate matter near three large

Approximately 1 billion tons of phosphogypsum PG a by product of the fertilizer industry are currently stacked in Florida PG emits radon gas which is a risk factor for lung cancer and can also increase particulate matter PM associated non cancer mortality in exposed individuals We measured concentrations of atmospheric radon and particulate matter near PG stacks and their short term

Phosphogypsum Stack Reclamation Essay 5034 words Paperdue

Radiation and Phosphogypsum Both natural gypsum and phosphogypsum contain radioactivity but phosphogypsum contains more In the manufacture of phosphoric acid the acid is filtered through cloth to remove solids The radium is filtered out with the solids The solid portion is known as phosphogypsum

The application of phosphogypsum in agriculture and the PubMed

This radionuclide in soil tilled with phosphogypsum used for agricultural purposes varied from 50 to 479 Bq kg 1 average 205 Bq kg 1 while in the regular soil of cultivated fields it varied from 37 to 54 Bq kg 1 average 48 Bq kg 1

Radiation hazard indices in the application of phosphogypsum SBPR

phosphogypsum NORM radiation hazard index Abstract Phosphogypsum PG a by product from the phosphoric acid industry is being worldwide stockpiled posing environmental problems Viability of the PG safe re use in civil construction has been studied as PG can contain natural radionuclides in significant concentrations

Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks Background

Most of the radium 226 about 80 percent follows the phosphogypsum while about 86 percent of the uranium and 70 percent of the thorium are found in the phosphoric acid Gu75 Table 2 3 shows the average radionuclide concentrations measured in 50 phosphogypsum samples collected in 1985 by EPA from five stacks in central Florida Ho88

Evaluating radiation risks and resource opportunities associated with

Phosphogypsum PG accumulates during wet phosphoric acid production for fertilizers In the Philippines PG is partly 40% utilized to produce gypsum walls and cement This work assesses the radiological risks and resource opportunities associated with PG stacks in the Philippines

Applied Sciences Free Full Text Phosphogypsum Recycling A Review

The Environmental Protection Agency prohibits the use of phosphogypsum because of its radioactivity For example phosphogypsum from Central Florida has an average of 26 pCi/g radium and that from North Florida has 10 pCi/g radium

PDF RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY PRODUCT PHOSPHOGYPSUM Nucleus

Phosphate rock is naturally radioactive and contains uranium series radionuclides Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of the production of phosphoric acid for phosphate fertilizer industry PG is also naturally radioactive and contains uranium and uranium decay products notably radium Ra 226 Current PG management in US is land disposal in stacks

TENORM Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes Radiation

Phosphogypsum Phosphogypsum is the primary waste byproduct of the wet acid process for producing phosphoric acid During this process sulfuric acid dissolves phosphate rock creating a solid/liquid mixture slurry of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate phosphogypsum Due to concerns over radiation exposure the State of Idaho has

Radiation hazard indices in the application of phosphogypsum SBPR

Phosphogypsum PG a by product from the phosphoric acid industry is being worldwide stockpiled posing environmental problems Viability of the PG safe re use in civil construction has been studied as PG can contain natural radionuclides in significant concentrations We propose a policy for using PG as a building material limiting the total concentration of 226Ra plus 228Ra by mixing PG

Extraction of natural radionuclides in TENORM waste phosphogypsum

The radionuclide 226 Ra from the decay of 238U is one of main contributors of the radiation in phosphogypsum it is present as a trace material and chemically linked to SO42 since radium has chemical properties similar to calcium producing radium sulfates Radium and calcium sulfates have different solubility when exposed to an acid solution

Radioactivity of Phosphogypsum in South West of Spain Radiation

Abstract Phosphogypsum is the by product of producing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock with sulphuric acid In the south west of Spain and near the town of Huelva there is a big industrial complex with some factories devoted to the production of phosphoric acid which produce annually 3 x 10 6 metric tonnes of phosphogypsum Of this amount 80% is stored in nearby sites named gyp

Radioactivity of fertilizers used in Serbia and dose assessments for

Fertilizers contain a certain level of radioactivity and thus can affect the exposure of workers to radiation during production The activity concentrations of 238U 226Ra 232Th and 40K were determined using the gamma spectrometry method for 36 samples of chemical fertilizers used in Serbia Average values of 238U 226Ra 232Th and 40K are 213 ± 37 Bq kg− 1 51 ± 10 Bq kg− 1 12 ± 2

Measurement and evaluation of natural radioactivity in phosphogypsum in

PG contains significant quantities of radioactive materials such as 238 U and 226 Ra Phosphogypsum produced from sedimentary phosphate rock contains typically activity concentrations of 238 U in the range 100 600 Bq × kg −1 and 226 Ra in the range 500 1300 Bq × kg −1 [ 5 ]

EPA approves use of radioactive phosphogypsum in roads reversing long

The Environmental Protection Agency s limits on using phosphogypsum date to 1989 Phosphate mining a leading industry in Central Florida involves pulling up rocks that hold uranium and

Detailed Data

The effective dose assigned to evaluate whole body health effects upon exposure to radioactivity and is employed exclusively for radiation protection Dose is shown in Sv sievert units The effective dose is calculated on the basis of the dose calculation method of the RP 122 European Commission assuming typical work environments

Microstructure and Key Properties of Phosphogypsum Red Mud Slag

Due to the low content of silicon and aluminum in red mud and the low reaction activity of red mud when it was used to prepare composite cementitious materials it was necessary to assist other aluminosilicates and improve their activity by certain methods In this study it was proposed to add slag to increase the percentage of silicon and aluminum in the system and to improve the

Guest Op/Ed Phosphogypsum and Radiation The Bradenton Times

Phosphogypsum stacks are located in Louisiana Idaho Illinois North Carolina Arkansas and Florida Phosphate companies have dumped in excess of 900 million tons of radioactive wastes in Florida and are producing over 30 million tons of phosphogypsum waste annually as the industry continues to expand its dumping operations

Phosphogypsum Wikipedia

phosphogypsum is radioactive due to the presence of naturally occurring uranium 5 10 ppm and thorium and their daughter nuclides radium radon polonium etc marine deposited phosphate typically has a higher level of radioactivity than igneous phosphate deposits because uranium is present in seawater at about 3 ppb roughly 85 ppb of total …

PDF RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY PRODUCT PHOSPHOGYPSUM Nucleus

EPA defines Phosphogypsum 40CFR61 Subpart R …as a radioactive waste product that results from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer Because the phosphate ore contains uranium and radium phosphogypsum also contains these radionuclides The radium is of particular concern because it

Npk Hydraulic Hammer Service Manual H Series Copy

Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the Phosphate Industry International Atomic Energy npk hydraulic hammer service manual h series 2/5 production phosphogypsum and the manufacture and use of phosphatic fertilizers among others Manual for Soil Analysis Monitoring and Assessing Soil

Approval of Other Uses of Phosphogypsum Supporting Documents

Review performed by the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Radiation Protection Division in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute TFI

Environmental impact of phosphate mining and beneficiation review

The nuclide is of further importance as the parent nuclide of the gaseous 222Rn which along with its solid decay products constitutes a significant source of radiation exposure Scientific researches on mine water drainage and phosphate mining relationship may help to understand the environmental impacts associated with water resource and

TENORM is on the Regulatory Agenda in Multiple States

Evaluating the impacts of new or proposed regulations requires an understanding of the factors that generate TENORM in different types of waste as well as background levels of radioactivity TENORM content can vary considerably depending on the waste source pipe/tank scale waste phosphogypsum or combustion residuals Moreover

PDF Phosphogypsum in the Circular Economy AAPFCO

• ^Phosphogypsum is a radioactive waste product • ^EPA requires that phosphogypsum be managed in above ground stacks which are designed to keep emissions of radon and other radionuclides in line with acceptable risk practices •The current EPA PG rule allows very little use only in agriculture and restricted by radium 226 concentration

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